• Directional features of the downshifted peak observed in HF-induced stimulated electromagnetic emission spectra obtained using an interferometer. 

      Rietveld, Michael T.; Tereshchenko, E.D.; Belyey, Vasyl; Yurik, R.Yu; Brekke, Asgeir; Khudukon, B.Z.; Isham, B.; Hagfors, T.; Grill, M. (Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2006-08-09)
      A high frequency (HF) ionospheric modification experiment was carried out between 25 September and 8 October 2004, using the EISCAT HF transmitter located near Tromsø, Norway. During this experiment the spectra of the stimulated HF sideband waves (stimulated electromagnetic emission or SEE) induced by the HF pump were observed using an interferometer consisting of three spaced receiving antennas ...
    • The electron energy distribution during HF pumping, a picture painted with all colors. 

      Rietveld, Michael T.; Gustavsson, B.; Sergienko, T.; Grydeland, Tom; La Hoz, Cesar; Kosch, M.J.; Brändström, B.U.E.; Leyser, T.B.; Isham, B.; Gallop, P.; Aso, T.; Ejiri, M.; Steen, A.; Kaila, K.; Jussila, J.; Holma, H. (Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2005-07-28)
      The shape of the electron energy distribution has long been a central question in the field of highfrequency radio-induced optical emission experiments. This report presents estimates of the electron energy distribution function, fe(E), from 0 to 60 eV, based on optical multiwavelength (6300, 5577, 8446, 4278 A° ) data and 930-MHz incoherent scatter radar measurements of ion temperature, electron ...
    • An interferometer experiment to explore the aspect angle dependence of stimulated electromagnetic emission spectra. 

      Rietveld, Michael T.; Isham, B.; Hagfors, T.; Belyey, Vasyl; La Hoz, Cesar; Khudukon, B.; Brekke, Asgeir; Yurik, R.Yu; Tereshchenko, E.D.; Grill, M.; Heinselman, C. (Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2005-01-31)
      When the Earth's ionosphere is irradiated by a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic wave of sufficiently high power density and tuned to match a natural E- or F-region plasma frequency, ionospheric magnetoionic wave modes may be excited and may generate RF electromagnetic sideband waves via nonlinear interactions. These secondary emissions, which may then escape from the ionosphere, have been termed ...
    • The relationship between small-scale and large-scale ionospheric electron density irregularities generated by powerful HF electromagnetic waves at high latitudes 

      Rietveld, Michael T.; Tereshcenko, E.D.; Khudukon, B.Z.; Brekke, Asgeir; Isham, B.; Hagfors, T. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2006-11-21)
      Satellite radio beacons were used in June 2001 to probe the ionosphere modified by a radio beam produced by the EISCAT high-power, high-frequency (HF) transmitter located near Tromsø (Norway). Amplitude scintillations and variations of the phase of 150- and 400-MHz signals from Russian navigational satellites passing over the modified region were observed at three receiver sites. In several papers ...